Cross Modality Leading to Sonic Seasoning with Music for Integrative Medicine (IM) _ Crimson Publishers
Cross Modality Leading to Sonic Seasoning with Music for Integrative Medicine (IM) by Hiroshi Bando in Integrative Journal of Conference Proceedings
Abstract
Integrative Medicine
(IM) has been evaluated more for long, authors have managed Shikoku Island Division,
Integrative Medicine Japan (IMJ). IM includes music therapy, which can conduct
to decrease stressful matter and
increase human well-being, associated with special condition such as smell,
flavor and tasting. It
means cross modality of human sensation, leading to sonic seasoning. Some
examples include sweet
drinks, chocolate, seafood restaurant, coffee, and so on. Related with
crossmodal pairing, sonic seasoning will
be more required for academic and commercial fields. The perspectives for music and nutrition in IM
region will be expected to develop in the future.
Keywords: Integrative medicine (IM); Integrative Medicine Japan (IMJ); Music therapy; Cross modality; Sonic seasoning; Crossmodal pairing
Commentary
Integrative medicine
(IM) has been developed for decades across the world. It involves complementary
and alternative medicine (CAM) as well as usual Western Medicine (WM) [1]. IM
can cover wide range of medicine, which means patient-oriented medicine from
biopsycho- social points of view. Authors have managed various activities of
IM, music therapy and nutritional therapy for Shikoku Island Division,
Integrative Medicine Japan (IMJ) for long [2]. Along our practice and research,
the relationship of music and food has been important. In other words, the
perspectives of our sensation such as auditory, smelling and flavor would be
described in this article.
IM can have broad
related fields of medicine, health, music, nutrition and technology. For these
research, significant interactions have found in various axes. Especially, the
fields of music therapy, music information, medical technology have been observed
for meaningful discussion [3]. Music therapy has been accepted for many people
and developed for the need for medical circumstance. Two aspects have been
present for listening and recognizing music. The former is the psychological
and psychiatric effect of adapting music, where everyone can feel and tune the
musical rhythm. The latter is the auditory effect of analyzing music sound in
the air, where everyone can hear it through electric signal from ear to brain
[4]. From biopsycho- social points of view, we have our human society around
us. Adequate adaptation of this activity to our life will bring medical and
cultural evolution of music. Furthermore, it will make bring the diversity of
music forms and human life across the world.
Music therapy has
been recognized as most acceptable treatment in the area of psychotherapy in
IM. For assessment of the influence of stress, to evaluate clinical effect of
therapeutic intervention of music would be required [5]. Studies on the
relationship of music listening and psychological stress-related outcomes were
found [6]. The protocol included 47 studies, 2,747 subjects and 76 effect
sizes. The results showed moderate effect on stress- related outcomes
associated with p<0.001 and mean effect size and d=0.723. Research has
continued for giving calmness and relaxation by music [3]. Then, the
interventions of music therapy were conducted to decrease stressful matter and
increase human well-being, associated with special condition such as smell,
flavor and tasting [7].
Human being has some
senses, such as seeing, hearing and tasting. Recent research has been in focus
for various combinations of modality. In cognitive science and psychology, the
phenomenon where some perceptions are influenced each other has been called
cross modality [8]. For example, a drink containing a redcolored sweetener may
be associated with a strawberry flavor. A similar phenomenon is synesthesia,
which causes not only normal sensations but also different types of sensations
for a stimulus [9].
For cross modality
of auditory and tasting, we can have various experience of mutual influences in
our daily lives [8]. In other words, an experience may be present for
simultaneous tasting a musical piece and the flavor food. A variety of food
include coffee, chocolate, whiskey, wine, cognac and so on [10]. There are
various related factors which are involved in the situation, such as time
place, occasion, color, shape, mood, texture stimulus and others. Formerly, two
modalities of listening and tasting were considered to be unrelated. As a
matter of fact, however, they have mutual interaction each other. The
relationship of perceptual research has been observed as “sonic seasoning”
[11].
The cross-modal
reaction is shared by the majority of people [12]. There is now widespread
evidence that background music may give some bias of food choices in many
places. People cannot be aware of this phenomenon [13]. When people estimate
the tasting experience for certain food or treat, various bias may be involved
in this appreciation [14]. The more one like the music, the more one will
evaluate the tasting experience fantastic [15]. Emotions play a strong role,
especially when it is related to cross-modal mapping or pairing of flavorful
stimuli [16].
In the field of
medicine, historical episode of reflexes of Pavlov’s dog has been widely known,
which is a one-to-one correspondence [17]. On the other hand, with cross
modality, auditory stimuli do not always produce a constant response. Pairs of
stimuli presented with different sensory modality can be associated. There are
unpredictable new reactions from the medical, cultural and individual personal
axes.
An example will be
presented for cross modality. There is a Fat Duck restaurant in UK [18]. Before
starting the dish “Sound of the sea”, inserting a pair of earbuds would be
encouraged. The visitors can listen to the sound of waves and seagulls on the
beach. This is the representative dish for long. By the comparative research,
the combination of music and tasting can bring significantly better evaluation.
They do not feel salty taste than listening to another soundscape [19].
Another example is
coffee shop case. A wireless headphones are provided simultaneously when a cup
of coffee is served. The crucial matter is to give a multisensory experience of
tasting and listening [20]. Another café serves an augmented glassware with
less sugar, where the guest can keep seating for long time with listening sweet
music in the room [21]. Thus, the pairing music and flavor will be developed for
continuing experiential opportunities and apps.
The impressive
situation is found in the case of chocolate. When BGM shows positive merrily
mood rather than negative grave mood, people feel sweeter and purchase more.
Music texture may change human feeling, leading to positive behavioral
activity. Thus, efficacy triggered by emotional music may be more prominent
than those by cross modally-related music. Related with crossmodal pairing,
sonic seasoning will be more known for casual circumstances and be more
required for academic and commercial fields [22]. We can expect that many
artists, food designers and medical personnel will develop the perspectives for
music and nutrition in IM region in the future [23].
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